In Indian taxation framework, HSN Code and SAC Code play a critical role in the process of classification of goods and services under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime. These codes are very important for ensuring uniformity in the tax rates, ease of doing business and transparency in trade. While they may seem similar, their purposes and application areas are distinctly different.
This blog will help you understand the key differences between HSN and SAC codes, their significance, structure, and usage in day-to-day compliance under GST.
What is an HSN Code?
HSN stands for Harmonized System of Nomenclature. It is a globally accepted method for classifying goods in a systematic manner. The HSN system was developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and is used in over 200 countries worldwide.
Purpose of HSN Code: –
- It helps in the systematic classification of goods.
- It also facilitates international trade by aligning with global standards.
- Enables correct GST rate application on goods.
Structure of HSN Code: –
HSN codes are numeric and can be: –
- 4 digits – It is applicable for small taxpayers with turnover up to ₹5 crore (in some cases).
- 6 digits – It is mandated by GST law for all taxpayers dealing in goods.
- 8 digits – It is used in customs and international trade.
Example of HSN Code: –
For Milk:
- HSN Code: 0401
- Description: Milk and cream, not concentrated nor containing added sugar.
What is a SAC Code?
SAC stands for Services Accounting Code. It is a unique code which is used to classify services under the GST regime. Unlike goods, services do not have any physical characteristics, so SAC codes help categorise services in a structured format.
Purpose of SAC Code: –
- Identifies the nature of service provided.
- It helps determine the applicable GST rate on services.
- It facilitates standardised invoicing and GST returns for service providers.
Structure of SAC Code: –
SAC codes are 6-digit numbers starting with 99: –
- The first two digits ‘99’ are common to the services.
- The next two digits classify the type of service.
- The last two digits further detail the specific service…!
Example of SAC Code: –
For Legal Services: –
- SAC Code: 998213
- Description: Legal documentation and certification services concerning patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights.
Key Differences Between HSN and SAC Code
| Aspect | HSN Code | SAC Code |
| Full Form | Harmonized System of Nomenclature | Services Accounting Code |
| Applicable To | Goods | Services |
| Issued By | World Customs Organization (adopted by India) | GST Council (based on service classification framework) |
| Structure | 4, 6, or 8-digit numeric code | 6-digit numeric code (starts with 99) |
| Use in GST | Classifies goods for determining GST rates | Classifies services for determining GST rates |
| Common Example | 3004 – Medicaments (Pharmaceuticals) | 998313 – Commercial training and coaching services |
| Invoice Requirement | Mandatory for goods suppliers under GST | Mandatory for service providers under GST |
| Purpose | Categorize goods for tax, import/export, compliance | Categorize services for tax and regulatory purposes |
| Customs Usage | Yes, extensively used in imports/exports | No, not used in customs |
| Numbering Format | Does not start with a specific digit | Always starts with 99 |
Why Are HSN and SAC Codes Important?
Both HSN and SAC codes serve as critical components of the GST compliance system: –
- Correct GST Rate Application – Each code corresponds to a specific GST rate. Wrong classification can result in underpayment or overpayment of taxes, penalties or disputes.
- Seamless Filing of GST Returns – GST returns (like GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B) require HSN or SAC codes for the purpose of compiling details of outward supplies. Accurate codes ensure a smooth and easy compliance process.
- Audit and Legal Scrutiny – Accurate classification using the HSN/SAC codes helps to minimise the risk of litigation and also enhances transparency and credibility during departmental audits.
- E-invoicing and E-way Bill – Under the e-invoicing system, mentioning HSN/SAC codes is mandatory. Similarly, for generating e-way bills, HSN codes for goods must be entered.
- Input Tax Credit (ITC) – Correct and accurate classification ensures that ITC is properly accounted for in the books and matches with vendor returns…!
How to Find the Correct HSN or SAC Code?
You can find the correct code through: –
- The CBIC HSN/SAC Code Lookup Tool.
- GST rate schedules published by the government.
- Sector-specific notifications and circulars.
- Consulting tax professionals or CA firms…!
Legal Mandate for Using HSN/SAC Codes
As per GST Notification No. 78/2020 – Central Tax, the government has mandated different levels of HSN code disclosure on invoices based on annual turnover: –
| Annual Turnover (in ₹) | HSN Digits Required on Invoice |
| Up to 5 crores | 4 digits (for B2B transactions) |
| More than 5 crores | 6 digits |
For SAC codes, disclosure norms follow similar principles for service providers…!
Recent Updates & Compliance Tips
- Auto-population of HSN in GSTR-1: GSTN now auto-fills HSN/SAC details based on previous filings, making consistency important.
- E-Invoicing Compliance: Applicable businesses must ensure the correct HSN/SAC codes are uploaded in e-invoices to avoid rejections.
- Industry-specific clarifications: Many industries, such as IT, hospitality, and healthcare, have issued clarifications for correct SAC usage.
Conclusion
Although HSN and SAC codes are both used for classification under GST, their applications differ fundamentally — one for goods, the other for services. Understanding their structure, application, and compliance requirements is essential for every business owner, tax professional, and service provider.
Accurate usage of HSN and SAC codes not only ensures legal compliance but also builds trust with clients, suppliers and tax authorities. As India continues to streamline its taxation processes, knowing these codes is more than just a compliance formality — it’s a best practice for doing business effectively.
By investing time in understanding these codes, businesses can help to improve their invoicing accuracy, prevent tax disputes and make their GST filings smoother. It also demonstrates the elements of professionalism and readiness for audits. With the rapid digitization growth in the tax processes in India, staying updated with the correct and accurate classification system is no longer optional rather it’s essential for the long-term compliance and operational efficiency.
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